Concept
Statements |
Emphasis
in
your teaching
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General
importance
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| 1.
All organism store genetic information in molecules of
double-stranded deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA). |
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| 2.Some
viruses use single stranded DNA, single- or double-stranded ribonucleic
acid (RNA) rather than double-stranded
DNA to store genetic information. |
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| 3.
DNA differs from RNA in that the hydroxyl group on the
C2 carbon of ribose is replaced by a -H. Instead of uracil (in
RNA), DNA contain thymine. |
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| 4.
In both DNA and RNA, information is stored in the sequence
of the nucleotides along the length of the molecule. |
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| 5.
Each strand of a DNA double helix is a polynucleotide
molecule, composed of deoxynucleotide
subunits. |
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| 6.
A deoxyribonucleotide consists
of a phosphate group, attached to the 5’ carbon
of the sugar deoxyribose. One of four nitrogenous ‘bases’,
either a purine (cytosine or thymine) or a pyrimidine
(guanine or adenine), is attached to the 1’ carbon
of the sugar. In a ribonucleotide,
the sugar ribose is used and the purine uracil is used
instead of thymine are used) |
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| 7.
The chains in a double stranded DNA molecule are anti-parallel and complementary.
If there is an adenine residue on one chain, there is
a thymine residue on the other. Similarly, if there is
a cytosine on one chain, the other chain contains a guanine
residue. |
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| 8.These base pairs interact
through hydrogen bonds,
three between C and G, two between A and T. |
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| 9.
Both DNA and RNA are synthesized using nucleotide
triphosphates. These are added the 3’ OH
group of the sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), creating
a phosphodiester bond and releasing pyrophosphate |
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| 10.
The enzymes that mediate DNA synthesis require a pre-existing
nucleic acid primer to
add on to. |
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| 11.
Both DNA and most RNA polymerases use a nucleic acid
template to determine the sequence of nucleotides in
the newly synthesized molecule. An exception, polyA
polymerase, mediates the addition of
AAA(n) to mRNAs. |
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| 12.
During DNA replication and RNA
transcription, the two strands of a double-stranded
DNA molecule must separated so that they can be used
as the templates for the synthesis of a new nucleic acid
strand. Replication uses both strands, transcription
one. |
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| 13.
DNA is used only to store information, RNA can both store
information and perform structural/catalytic functions. |
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| 14.
The information stored in DNA is used in two distinct
ways. First, sequences along the DNA are recognized by regulatory
factors, mostly proteins, that bind to
specific nucleotide sequences and determine which regions
of the DNA are transcribed into
RNA. Second, sequences of DNA are transcribed into
RNA. |
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| 15.A
gene can be defined as the region of DNA that contains
the sequences transcribed to produce the gene product
and regulatory sequences that control transcription. |
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| 16.
Changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene can change
when, where, how much and the type of gene product produced. |
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